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Leavenworthia crassa
''Leavenworthia crassa'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae, known commonly as the fleshy-fruit gladecress. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States, where it occurs in only two counties. It is "likely one of the most imperiled plant species in the Southeast,"〔(''Leavenworthia crassa''. ) NatureServe 2013.〕 and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service issued a final rule listing it as an endangered species in 2014.〔USFWS. (Endangered status for ''Physaria globosa'' (Short's bladderpod), ''Helianthus verticillatus'' (whorled sunflower), and ''Leavenworthia crassa'' (fleshy-fruit gladecress). ) ''Federal Register'' 78(149) 47109-34. August 2, 2013.〕〔Remillard, Ashley (August 4, 2014) ("U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Issues Final Rule Protecting Three Flowers" ) ''Endangered Species Law and Policy Blog'', Nossaman LLP〕
==Description==
This plant is variable in appearance. Its morphology is determined by its genes rather than environmental conditions, and it reflects the variable breeding system of the species.〔Lyons, E. E. and J. Antonovics. (1991). (Breeding system evolution in ''Leavenworthia'': breeding system variation and reproductive success in natural populations of ''Leavenworthia crassa'' (Cruciferae). ) ''American Journal of Botany'' 78(2), 270-87.〕 Some individuals are self-incompatible and must receive pollen from other plants in order to reproduce, while others can fertilize themselves. Populations of the species have both self-incompatible and self-fertilizing individuals, but some populations are almost entirely selfing.〔Liu, F., et al. (1999). (The effect of mating system differences on nucleotide diversity at the phosphoglucose isomerase locus in the plant genus ''Leavenworthia''. ) ''Genetics'' 151(1), 343-57.〕 Self-incompatible plants have a morphology that encourages pollen transfer: the flowers are large and aromatic and have anthers that are extrorse, facing outward. These plants also have two flower color morphs. Self-compatible plants have smaller, barely scented flowers with introrse, or inward-facing anthers.〔
This annual herb forms a rosette of leaves but usually has no stem. Flowers are borne on long pedicels that emerge from bracts hidden in the leaf rosette. In favorable conditions the plant may later grow a stem with an inflorescence.〔Liu, N., et al. (2011). (Possible contributions of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 to the evolution of rosette flowering in ''Leavenworthia'' (Brassicaceae). ) ''New Phytologist'' 189(2), 616-28.〕
The leaves have blades up to 8 centimeters long which have one to eight lobes on each edge, with the largest one at the tip. The margins are smooth or toothed. The pedicels holding the flowers are 4 to 8 centimeters long. The flower has 4 petals, each 1 to 1.4 centimeters long with a notch in the tip. The two petal color morphs are white and yellow, but all the petals have yellow or orange bases. The fruit is a smooth, oblong or somewhat rounded silicle up to about 1.4 centimeters long. The winged seeds are roughly 2 or 3 millimeters long.〔(''Leavenworthia crassa''. ) Flora of North America.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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